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  • Last updated: 12 March 2026
  • Est. reading time: 5 minutes

  • What are FODMAPs?

  • FODMAPs are hard-to-digest components absorbed from the food we eat within our small intestine. When a FODMAP is poorly absorbed through the walls of the small intestine it continues through the digestive tract, into the large intestine, and causes digestive symptoms in many of us.

    Here’s our guide to FODMAPs, the difficulties they can cause those with digestive issues, and where they can be found.

  • Est. reading time: 5 minutes

  • What are FODMAPs?

  • FODMAPs are hard-to-digest components absorbed from the food we eat within our small intestine. When a FODMAP is poorly absorbed through the walls of the small intestine it continues through the digestive tract, into the large intestine, and causes digestive symptoms in many of us.

    Here’s our guide to FODMAPs, the difficulties they can cause those with digestive issues, and where they can be found.

What is the low FODMAP diet?

The Low FODMAP diet is acknowledged as a very significant breakthrough for managing IBS symptoms. It was developed by Sue Shepherd, a researcher working at Monash University in Australia. During a study into IBS, they discovered ingredients found in common foods that can cause digestive difficulties. These ingredients are called FODMAPs (you can read more about these below).

Since its development, the Low FODMAP diet has become the gold standard in the management of IBS-related symptoms and other similar digestive issues. The traditional Low FODMAP diet involves cutting out FODMAPs for a period of time (known as the elimination phase), and gradually reintroducing FODMAP components to see which ones you can tolerate (the reintroduction phase). It’s important to reintroduce FODMAPs you can tolerate to maintain a healthy, balanced diet.

If you’re looking for a way to better understand how your body reacts to FODMAPs, FoodMarble offers an at-home breath testing device, the AIRE 2, which helps you track your digestive responses in real-time. Learn more about it here.

How can FODMAPs cause problems?

FODMAPs can trigger digestive problems in two ways. Firstly, by their nature, FODMAPs can be hard to digest and so if your body does not properly absorb a FODMAP in the small intestine, it can travel to the large intestine, where it is broken down in a process called fermentation. Gases, including hydrogen and CO2 are produced during this fermentation process, and a build up of these gases can cause pain and bloating in those with a sensitive gut, for example somebody with IBS. Secondly, some FODMAPs draw water into the small intestine and cause symptoms like diarrhea and bloating.

 

Where do you find FODMAPs?

FODMAP is an acronym for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides  and Polyols. As mentioned above, when the amount of FODMAPs exceeds the threshold level of an individual, it causes a variety of digestive symptoms in varying severities.

 

Oligosaccharides:

Oligosaccharides are shorter chain sugars that we humans don’t have the enzymes to digest. It is made of Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccarides (GOS). FOS is also known as fructan, which is a collective name for chains of fructose sugars (with varying lengths). Another common fructan is inulin, which differs from FOS due to its longer chain length.

Disaccharides:

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar (two sugar units joined together). To absorb lactose, the lactase enzymes on the small intestinal wall break it into two single sugar units so it can be further absorbed by our body. Once a baby is weaned (moved to solid food) the level of lactase decreases and for some of us, the level is too low, resulting in lactose intolerance. Interestingly, somebody with lactose intolerance can usually tolerate up to 12g of lactose/day. Lactose containing foods are very nutritious, so maintaining even a certain amount in your diet is very important for healthy development.

Monosaccharides:

Fructose contains only one sugar unit. It also has the highest osmotic potential (i.e.) ability to draw water into the small intestine when it is not absorbed properly.

Polyols: 

Sorbitol and mannitol are used as artificial sweeteners in candies and soft drinks as well. Polyols aren’t absorbable completely by most people, and this causes digestive issues.

So what do I do if I suspect FODMAPs are an issue?

Everyone reacts to each of these FODMAPs differently. As a result, one of the greatest challenges for people with digestive issues can be in finding which FODMAPs cause problems for them. The key to this is in testing your unique response to different FODMAPs, so you don’t cut out healthy foods unnecessarily.

As a quick first step, you can understand more about the individual FODMAPs. This can help you understand your symptoms a bit better. You can also read more about ways to find whether those FODMAPs are causing problems for you.
  1. All about Fructose
  2. All about Fructans
  3. All about Sorbitol and Mannitol
  4. All about Lactose

About FoodMarble

FoodMarble is a leader in digestive health, supporting healthcare practices and helping individuals better understand their gut health. Using the same hydrogen and methane technology as clinical breath tests, FoodMarble makes lab-grade breath testing accessible from the comfort of home.

Our technology helps people with IBS or persistent gut symptoms identify food triggers and understand their personal tolerance levels. It can also support people managing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) by helping them track whether their current protocol is working, reintroduce foods with greater confidence, and monitor for recurrence over time.



Have we got you thinking?

If you think one of these FODMAPs are triggering your digestive symptoms, why not try our Food Intolerance Kit? The kit can be used along with our personal digestive breath testers. In 6 weeks and along with a supportive program you quite literally see the answers appear on your FoodMarble app with each breath test and with each FODMAP test. Our short, supportive plan ensures you find the answers and get back the joy of food to your life.

Unboxing FoodMarble AIRE 2 FODMAP kit and app

Yaseen

  • 20 January 2024
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